With the motorboating clue, it would not be unthinkable that those small tubes are involved.
@holmz The 12AX7 has more gain than a 12AT7. This can affect the amount of feedback that exists in the amplifier and can also affect something called 'phase margin'. If the amp was designed to use a lot of feedback and was a bit to close to the limits of its phase margin, by adding the slight extra gain of the 12AX7 it could have pushed the amp over the edge. So an oscillation is entirely possible, simply on account of the 12AX7. This is why it can be so important to use the tube for which the amp is designed.