I’m still thinking you are putting a static charge on your records. That charge won’t universally distribute evenly across the record, as the vinyl itself is an insulator. Something you are doing is leaving a charge, and that charge is concentrated (possibly) at the last place you touched the record. That concentrated, persistent static charge is inducing a periodic, low-frequency signal via your cartridge.
I also still think the conversion from balanced to single ended isn’t what resolved your issue. You created a better ground path to dissipate the static charge. I’d bet that if you ran a very thin wire from your head shell to ground you would have resolved the issue as well.