300b lovers

You can do a lot of sleuthing just by listening to the spectra of noise. Magnetic induction is going to be pure 50/60 Hz and fairly hard to hear. Capacitive coupling is high frequency only, and will sound like buzz, usually harmonics of 100/120 Hz switch noise from the rectifiers and transformer secondaries.

Ground loop noise can be isolated by shorting the input plugs of your preamp or power amp. If the input is shorted, and the noise persists, it is inside the component itself, and is usually a design or layout error.

If the noise is the result of two components connected together, that is a ground loop. This can be confirmed by disconnecting the interconnects between them, turning both on (with volume down), and using a DVM to measure the AC voltage potential between the two chassis. Scrape through the paint or anodize if you need to, then measure.

The AC potential between the two should be less than 1 or 2 volts. If it is more, then you have a ground loop. This is caused by capacitive leakage from the power transformer to the chassis. It can cured by reversing the AC polarity going into the power transformer on ONE of the components, but this is not a DIY job.

What causes this is that consumer AC power is not balanced; instead, there is neutral, which is only 1 or 2 volts away from safety ground, and hot, which is 120 volts in North America and 220 to 240 volts elsewhere. Power transformers are not symmetrically wound; one side has lower capacitance to ground than the other, but unfortunately, the leads are not marked, so they can randomly assembled in production. Ideally, the low-capacitance side of the primary should go to HOT, and the high-capacitance side of the primary to NEUTRAL.

If all your components were assembled this way, you would never have ground loops. Unfortunately, the phasing of the power transformers is random. The capacitive leakage from primary to transformer case will let the chassis float to a high value relative to safety ground, which is the true ground. The only real solution are medical-grade power transformers, which have extremely small leakage to chassis.

Short of that, you can hire a skilled technician to wire all of the power transformers in your system for minimum AC HOT to chassis leakage ... which is a good idea from a safety perspective anyway. No more little shocks when you touch a component (which should never happen in equipment built to code). Safety code requires that the fuse, then the power switch (in that order), always be on the HOT side of the line.

Hi Lynn,

I found online only one filament transformer for 5V - Hammond 546-166MS. This transformer has only one 5v 3A tap. So I need 2 such transformers. I use Hammond in my DIY phono stage. But IMHO Hammond transformers are built cheap compared to Lundahl, Hashimoto, AN or even James Audio. 
Is these Hammond good enough for this task?

if you can fit a toroid in there, then look at the antek site.  They have small filament transformers and may have what you want.  AN0205 is 25VA with dual 5V windings so will give you 2.5 A x 2.   They are fine for what you want.  they also sell transformer covers.  If you want to regulate the filament supply for each 300b then you can get a 2 x 7V.  

Yes, plenty good enough for the job. Don’s comments above are right on the mark.

What you want is isolation. Stage-to-stage, and isolation of the critical filament supply.

And if you really want to get hardcore, make sure all the cathode circuitry, of each section, comes down to a single star ground on the main ground bus-bar. So, star ground for 6SN7 cathode components, a few inches away, the star ground for all 6F6/6V6 cathode components, and another few inches away on the main bus-bar, all the cathode components for the 300B. The idea is keep all audio currents local to that stage, and to that stage only, and only have DC return currents on the main ground bus-bar. You would be surprised how few high-end components do this.

The presentation below is for advanced students. You know who you are:

European Triode Festival Presentation

ETF Part Two