I have an old Edison Amberola cylinder player. I had the reproducer (i.e. cartridge) rebuilt by Wyatt Markus. This is essential for getting the most out of the limited sound quality of these old recordings.
The "Direct to Disk" reference is spot-on. For the early recordings, they would literally set up rows of the recorders and the orchestra would play the song. They would then reload the recorders and the orchestra would play again.