Since the Bel Canto has limited preamp capabilities, what you need is either:
1. A preamp with built in PHONO pre (similar to what the Marantz has) or
2. A preamp and a separate, standalone Phono preamp
You can still use the Bel Canto DAC 3 as a DAC feeding into the "new" preamp. (just set the switch on the back to 'fixed' which will set the output of the Bel Canto to maximum). Then the outputs of the "new" preamp will go to the inputs of the MC402.
Do NOT hook up anything into RCA or Balanced inputs of the MC402 that does not have a volume control. (that includes the BelCanto DAC 3 with the output button set to 'fixed'.) The signal will come out of the amp at full volume and your speakers will most likely be blown. Looks like you got lucky that the output of the turntable cartridge is so low that it wasn't enough of a signal for the MC402 to amplify.
By the way, do you know the make/model of the cartridge on the turntable. That will have a bearing on what kind of Phono preamp is needed. (Moving Magnet or Moving Coil).
- Jeff