For me this argument is a very simple one to answer....
Listening to vinyl for several months at a time before switching to a CD based session (and this because someone requested a current album that I didn't own a vinyl version of) pretty much tells me everything I need to know about each medium.
Newly acquired, unfamiliar, music becomes a hypnotic experience on vinyl, but a chore to listen to on CD.
There is a feeling you can take the most "difficult" music e.g. 15 Shostakovich String quartets and listen to all of them in sequence with ease. With CD, I challenge anyone to get past one Shostakovich string quartet before reaching for the Iron Maiden or Killing Joke as light relief....
The popular belief of CD as strictly a "background medium" is not inaccurate. The proof of the pudding is in the eating, not in the theory...
As for the "high res digi formats" that cropped up in the 90's etc. If they were any good, the market would be bulging with them, we'd all be using them now and vinyl would be a distant memory.
I rest my case.