(1) I have done the thought experiment as regards threading the slate. I don't think it would work. I am not going to try. I think the only choice with slate is to just drill a hole thru and then use a nut and bolt. There IS some appeal to the idea of threading the slate, because it would make for better coupling in theory. But I think the slate would just crumble if you tried to tighten down the screw. You might experiment with a scrap piece of slate, though.
(2) If you have the slate slabs honed, the sides would be plane parallel to each other and there would be a close fit between the two pieces. Most mills can hone the slabs, at least here in the US. (I had it done in Vermont and in Pennsylvania, by two different companies.) I don't think you need adhesive, but I do think that sorbothane is a bad idea. It would essentially de-couple the two pieces of slate, when what you want is good coupling. Just my 2 cents.