Jed,
You probably just need to save up enough to get a new turntable cartridge phono pre amp and record clean machine. Just depends on what your budget is for them, before any worthwhile recommendations can be given on equipment. You could first get the record cleaning machine, this will help with a lot of the surface noise, but of course a better rig will trace better and have less noise too.
You could also build your own machine here is a link
http://www.teresaudio.com/haven/
For record cleaning supplies I would recommend these
http://cls.audiogon.com/cgi-bin/cls.pl?anlgcart&1113030730
Good luck
Ron