Low freq. from small drivers? Is it possible

Karls...Having messed around with crossovers for more than 40 years, I don't need your schematic to comprehend a series network.

Let me ask you...which driver's crossover frequency does the inductor determine? Shouldn't we call the inductor by the same name as the driver it serves?

The way I regard a series crossover is as a series connection of two elements...(1) Tweeter/Inductor parallel pair and (2) Woofer/Capacitor parallel pair.

(And, to Sean's point, a "parallel" crossover is a parallel connection of two series-connected elements).

Makes sense to me, but you evidently have some other way of looking at it. There is more than one way to skin a cat, which we can perhaps agree is a good idea.

Eldartford,

If you want to learn a new way of thinking, perhaps you would do well to listen to what I said, and not continue to insist on thinking about things the way you have for 40 years. I will give you another hint, and perhaps this time you will listen and actually do some thinking.

In a simple two-way parallel crossover, there are two possible paths which the current may follow. At low frequencies, it follows primarily one path (the one through the woofer), and at high frequencies, it follows primarily the other path (the one through the tweeter). In the crossover region, it goes some through one and some through the other.

In a simple two-way series crossover (such as that shown on our website), there are four possible paths which the current may follow. I leave it up to you to (1) figure out what those four paths are, (2) figure out which two paths it primarily follows, one at low frequencies and one at high frequencies, and (3) compare those two paths to the two paths in the parallel case.

Hopefully, after you have done so, you will begin to understand what I was trying to tell you. The analogy between electrons and water is an old one, but still invaluable.

As far as your question of "which" element goes with "which" driver in a series crossover, the short answer is: they don't. Both elements affect both drivers, as a cursory glance at the circuit will tell you.

Karl Schuemann
AudioMachina

The current trend towards 6" drivers (or smaller) has been going on for quite some time...and i do think it is a good trade in relation to the large 10" drivers and cabinets of yesteryear...the gain in transparency and involvement of small two-ways at the expense of deep bass is a fair trade in my estimation...small speakers are capable of very good bass extension...especially in small rooms...

Karls...Stop pontificating!

Of course LF energy flows through the inductor to the woofer. That's why it doesn't flow through the tweeter, so that the tweeter tweets and doesn't woof.

Suppose that you change the inductor value: make it smaller. The frequency at which its impedance equals that of the tweeter goes down, which means that the tweeter carries energy at lower frequency. Its crossover frequency has been changed. Now, has the woofer been affected? I don't think so, except for possible second order effects. Some current that formerly flowed through the inductor now flows through the tweeter, but a full range signal arrives at the woofer. Same as before. Now the capacitor across the woofer provides the low impedance path for HF and keeps it out of the woofer.

This whole silly discussion is about how to name the inductor. I claim that it should be called the "tweeter" inductor because it determines the tweeter crossover frequency. You like to call it the "woofer" inductor because it carries the spectrum of signal that is routed through the woofer (by the capacitor I might add).

Let's change the subject. Why do you think that a series crossover is superior to a parallel one, assuming that both are properly designed and optimized for the driver characteristics? I know of no reason why one should be better than the other, and I suspect that the recent flurry of series designs may be a marketing ploy.

Eldartford,

I'm not pontificating at all. It's just that things aren't as cut-and-dried as you would like to assume. The crossover point in a series crossover is a function of both the inductor and capacitor. If you want, you can change them both, and yet still keep the crossover point the same. If you don't believe me, look it up. It's not that hard to find.

In order to carry this conversation further, you are going to have to dedicate some effort to learning the actual math behind the problem, starting with the concept of transfer functions. It is in most college junior-level electrical circuits classes.

The advantages of series crossovers are real, but again require some mathematical background to understand. The two that in my mind are the most beneficial are:

1. It guarantees a constant-voltage transfer function. This is theoretically possible, but by no means guaranteed, by the parallel.

2. It is essentially insensitive to tolerance variations in both the drivers and reactive elements, thus giving a much better chance of good performance in the real world compared to the parallel.

To this can be added the additional benefit, stated in one of my earlier posts, that the series topology forces you to do everything exactly right. While this is also theoretically possible in the parallel, for all practical purposes it NEVER happens in the real world. Almost every speaker you look at with a parallel network has grossly obvious and serious flaws, simply because the designer didn't want to spend the effort necessary to make it perfect. Thus it is a final "test" of the design, ensuring that there is no "fudging" going on and compromising the end result.

What I'm saying is that if a parallel is done exactly right, there is no reason, at least theoretically, it can't be as good as a series. But in the REAL world, it never is.

Karl Schuemann
AudioMachina