1) Depends on how a company implements a balanced design. Typically true differential balanced circuits resolve noise issues and allow one to use extremely long cables without degrading sound quality. If the balanced circuit supports the 600 ohm standard (and not all of them do) then you get the added benefit of eliminating interconnect cable artifacts. Meaning you should not be able to hear the difference between different types of interconnect cables. Think pro audio equipment. On the other hand whether in general it sounds better than single ended is up in the air. Lots of threads on this in the forums that discuss this. You might want to look up some posts by Atmasphere (Ralph Karsten) who has often chimes in on such subjects.
2) No, not really. It just means the Dude can handle a lot more output voltage which is a good thing for flexibility purposes. A higher output voltage on the source will add more overall gain to the system, perhaps leaving less flexibility over the volume control.
3) Not sure what you mean by this one. Usually output impedance of the preamp is a key spec in determining how well it works with an amp. There are other considerations as well, but your question is vague in this respect so can't say for sure.