I am with Doak in that skating force originates due to friction between the stylus tip and the groove. That friction force is a constant with respect to velocity (but not constant with respect to much else). Nevertheless, the only difference between a 45 and a 33 would be groove modulation. Now I think of it, 45s may be cut differently; the music has more "room" so the groove walls may be less tortuous. Ergo, in certain cases and for certain musical moments, I could imagine there could be less skating force generated by 45s than by 33s, but only for that reason. For example, this might apply if you listen to exactly the same musical piece on a 45 vs on a 33. You found that an increase in anti-skate cured your problem, which would not be consistent with my ruminations.
All of that aside, and assuming the 45 is made from the same vinyl as a comparable 33 (so that friction force is comparable), then skating force should be about the same.
All of that aside, and assuming the 45 is made from the same vinyl as a comparable 33 (so that friction force is comparable), then skating force should be about the same.