I will explain as best I can.
Even between the countries of the United Kingdom, there are differences. Here in England, students generally have to study around nine GCSE subjects up the age of sixteen. One of these subjects must be science made of equal parts Physics, Chemistry and Biology. Some, but sadly far from all, schools offer the triple science in which the three sciences get a whole GCSE subject each.
After that up to the age of eighteen, students traditionally study three or occasionally four subjects in much greater depth at A Level. A student wanting to go on to study Physical Science or an Engineering subject at university might choose to follow say Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry.
Entrance to University is typically based on performance at GCSE and A Levels. Here a typical Physics student would study the subject with some Mathematics as appropriate for three years to be awarded a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Physics. There is usually the opportunity to follow more specialised topics in the second and third years. As you may imagine, there are lots of possible variations such as Joint Honours in two subjects.
After their first degree, I guess most students wanting be professional Physicists would likely do a three/four year PhD in their chosen field. The picture is complicated, but Master of Science degree could be, as it was in my case, a one year course of study in one specific area of Physics to a higher level. This may well form the first part of a PhD.
In my day (1970s), Physics and Chemistry students were not a diverse group. A high proportion were white middle-class males coming from privileged selective Grammar Schools or fee-paying Public (actually private) Schools. Although there has been a massive expansion in Secondary and Higher Education since that time, the number of Physical Science students hasn’t increased much. Furthermore, I think that they are still a fairly non-diverse group. Consequently, there is a dire shortage of properly qualified Physics teachers in schools.
I picked a subject at masters level in Opto Electronics that was leaning towards industry as that was where I intended to go. For family reasons, I went on to work in a non-technical role in business. Despite that, I do regret not doing a PhD when I had the opportunity. That led me back to University a couple of times in later life to study Business Administration and Research Methods in Education. Although I still regard myself as fundamentally a Physicist in my view of the world, it is tempered by the more diverse outlook of social science where the qualitative is almost as important as the quantitive. Hence my opinions on sound quality which I consider is hard to quantify.