Does anyone care to ask an amplifier designer a technical question? My door is open.


I closed the cable and fuse thread because the trolls were making a mess of things. I hope they dont find me here.

I design Tube and Solid State power amps and preamps for Music Reference. I have a degree in Electrical Engineering, have trained my ears keenly to hear frequency response differences, distortion and pretty good at guessing SPL. Ive spent 40 years doing that as a tech, store owner, and designer.
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Perhaps someone would like to ask a question about how one designs a successfull amplifier? What determines damping factor and what damping factor does besides damping the woofer. There is an entirely different, I feel better way to look at damping and call it Regulation , which is 1/damping.

I like to tell true stories of my experience with others in this industry.

I have started a school which you can visit at http://berkeleyhifischool.com/ There you can see some of my presentations.

On YouTube go to the Music Reference channel to see how to design and build your own tube linestage. The series has over 200,000 views. You have to hit the video tab to see all.

I am not here to advertise for MR. Soon I will be making and posting more videos on YouTube. I don’t make any money off the videos, I just want to share knowledge and I hope others will share knowledge. Asking a good question is actually a display of your knowledge because you know enough to formulate a decent question.

Starting in January I plan to make these videos and post them on the HiFi school site and hosted on a new YouTube channel belonging to the school.


128x128ramtubes
The 6AS7 is a pass tube in a DC power supply. Heres a link, one has to scroll down a bit and read the application paragraph at the beginning. I dont think brand is going to make a lot of difference as they are all made for the same application as stated clearly here. .
I've certainly seen the page for the 6AS7 :)  What I am telling you is the the 6H13C is a different tube (the Russian variant). Once preconditioned, they can hold up better than an American tube. Far less likely to see the cathode coating falling apart, at least until the tube gets weak.

Regarding bias stability, the amp has no need for a servo. If the DC Offset is unstable, its likely noise in the driver tube as the output tubes obtain their bias from the driver tube. Normally the DC Offset is the sort of thing that you set or at least check once every 6 months or so. IOW, its **very** stable!
Current is well defined by science. I didnt know there was a special audio definition.???
There is! I regard the audio versions as common myth, often bandied about inappropriately:
http://www.atma-sphere.com/Resources/Common_Amplifier_Myths.php
Although we disagree on many things I do appreciate your Gentlemanly approach, unlike that other fellow who left us.
Thanks - let's hope he stays away. His approach produces so much noise, its impossible to have an actual conversation, not to mention his creation of an entirely new wing of physics (or at least alternate meanings to words to which no-one was previously aware)...

Just to be clear, I have a lot of respect for you as I do Nelson Pass, John Curl, David Berning and a number of others. There's a lot of snake oil in this business so its refreshing when we don't have to deal with that. Like you, I've been at this a long time but went down a different path a long time ago:http://www.atma-sphere.com/Resources/Paradigms_in_Amplifier_Design.phpand while I understand completely how the Voltage Paradigm works (IOW I don't make amps to be 'tone controls'), I'm not at all convinced that the Voltage Paradigm is the only way to achieve the most neutral presentation. For me, the reason was best expressed by Norman Crowhurst, who pointed out a good 60 years ago that while feedback of course suppresses distortion, it also introduces some of its own, which tends to be entirely higher ordered harmonics. Its not that I'm against feedback, but its inappropriate or inexpert application does bother me, and for that I'll use the current ARC amps as an example.

The problem is that the ear converts all forms of distortion into tonality (and the ear/brain system has tipping points where that tonality can be favored over actual frequency response), and the the most egregious problem in audio IMO/IME is brightness (and its twin brother, harshness), which in transistors is entirely caused by distortion; also in many tube amps that use feedback. This is because the ear uses higher ordered harmonics to sense sound pressure, so is really sensitive to them as a result (moreso than most test equipment due to the range that the ear has to cover)! The line I draw in the sand is I want it to sound like real music as opposed to a just a good stereo. To this end, I do my best to vet every customer's system and expectations in order to make a sale. This limits my sales for sure, but it also results in really excellent results both in sound and customer loyalty when everything is set up right. 

Regarding the different gain in the M-60s, its entirely possible that the CCS is damaged. Clio9 was an early adopter of Mk3.3 and I suspect he has earlier CCS boards in his amps. IIRC that is... If you can send a photo of the CCS board to my email (found on the atma-sphere.com website) that will tell me a lot.

Although we disagree on many things I do appreciate your Gentlemanly approach, unlike that other fellow who left us.
Thanks - let's hope he stays away. His approach produces so much noise, its impossible to have an actual conversation, not to mention his creation of an entirely new wing of physics (or at least alternate meanings to words to which no-one was previously aware)...
Well, I lied. I have to respond. Ralph-I can't believe that you said that about me after I have done nothing on this Board (in multiple threads) but praise you and after you agreed that preamps are not easier to design (well) than amps. Yes, there were a couple typos in my last post due to being busy and typing in haste, but my points should have been clear. I could easily recite ten typos and misspellings in the various posts of Mr. Modjeski, were I to feel the need to resort to that. 
It is also shocking to me that Mr. Modjeski criticized the hell out of your M-60's biasing circuit and claimed your RIAA curve in your preamp is not up to snuff and you are doing nothing but kissing his arse. 

Ralph, I measured your preamp's RIAA and it was +4 db in the bass. That is not accurate EQ. My RIAA accuracy is +/- 0.2 dB.
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What interests me is how it came to be thought that preamps are harder. What designer is going around saying that? Im not.
The preamp's math conforms to Stanley Lipshitz's math and the parts are within 1% or better, FWIW.
The thing about a good preamp is that there are so few! In that regard I would say there are a lot more competent amps than there are preamps.

Well, I lied. I have to respond. Ralph-I can't believe that you said that about me after I have done nothing on this Board (in multiple threads) but praise you and after you agreed that preamps are not easier to design (well) than amps.
@fsonicsmith
Sorry- my comment was not aimed at you- I had missed that you had left. I was in fact referring to someone else, who (thankfully) has not posted on this thread at all. I see now that in my haste to get thru all the new posts that I missed several posts somehow and yours was one of them. So I misinterpreted Roger's comment. I apologize- I've no reason to drag your name through the mud!
@ramtubes I am still a bit hazy on the power versus gain issue.  If you increase the gain, are you not increasing the power output of the amp? So what then affects the power output, the speaker impedance only? In that case, how do we ensure that the amplifier is outputting power within the bandwidth where it has the least amount of distortion? As you stated, and can be seen from measurements, typically harmonic distortions start to increase at the upper and lower limits of the design bandwidths (20HZ and 20KHZ for arguments sake) along with increasing power output. 
Thanks Ralph. That means all the world to me. I know this sounds cheap and tawdry, but when I replace my Ref 150SE, I will be absolutely slanted toward an Atma-Sphere. 
Since I am still here and jabbering, I still maintain that the OP's stated goal of designing an amp for all men and seasons is IMHO misguided. It makes for good marketing but it's not the real world. It may be inconvenient and expensive to buy a new amp when one chooses new loudspeakers but no one said that pursuit of lovely engaging sound is cheap. Though compared to boating and racing cars, it IS cheap. Safer too.
In this holiday season, I too wish to express best wishes for health and happiness to all who contribute to this Board in good faith. Now with that, I am gone from this thread. Not from this Board, but from this thread.