The sound of electrolytic capacitors failing

@erik_squires A bad filter capacitor won't take out power transistors but it should damage the power *transformer*.

@atmasphere 

OH, well, even better!

One question that remains unanswered: What changes in the sound when a power cap is failing? 

Depending on the severity of the failure it can manifest in several ways
Increased hum
less bandwidth extension in either direction (this is due to the audio circuit interacting with power supply components that it normally would not) and less detail
'motorboating', a repetitive thumping sound, which may or may not vary with the volume and other controls. This problem usually occurs when more gain is present.

Sometimes the filter cap 'opens up' which is to say that its capacitance dwindles to nothing. In other cases the capacitor develops a significant lw resistance, which then draws power from the power supply (and can heat up the capacitor, which then will draw even more current). It is this failure mode which can destroy power transformers.

Thanks! I'm hearing distortion on high level transients, especially mid and high frequencies which disappears after about 1 hour of listening. I've been assuming it takes that long for the caps to recondition (or whatever the term is). Is there a way to measure if the caps are in spec?