This is shockingly hard to find. McIntosh C49 might be your best option in that price range. Another would be the Mytek Manhattan ii. Both are in your price range and do everything you need.
Lots of units with phono stages built in like the Musical Fidelity M8. Lots of DACs with excellent preamp stages but no phono stage like the Chord Hugo 2 TT.
Lots of units with phono stages built in like the Musical Fidelity M8. Lots of DACs with excellent preamp stages but no phono stage like the Chord Hugo 2 TT.