Acoustics and reverberation time


Hi everyone,

We often talk about room modes or first reflections but few talk about a major reason for treating a room: reverb time.

Reverberation time is the amount of time an audio signal stays active in a room. An anechoic test chamber has no reverb, since only the source signal can be heard. We often measure reverb time with the measure RT60. That is, how long in time until the signal has decayed by 60 dB. We divide this into multiple bands so we can evaluate room treatment in mid-bass, mid, treble separately, but there is also the question of how smoothly it decays. Signals should decay randomly but smoothly. Peaks indicate an echo. Multiple peaks a slap echo. Too little reverb and you end up with a very dry sounding room, with no ambience.

What does this affect? It is like a TV or computer monitor’s pixel. Imagine the screen having a memory of all the previous pixels, like the screen starts to turn grey or blue based on what you saw a few frames ago. So, it blurs the signal. It also colors the signal. A room with excess mid/treble reverb can make every speaker seem like it lacks bass when the reality is that there is too much mid/treble in the room. A side effect of this is that speakers sound harsh when you turn up the volume. Of course, this is subjective, as you can overload a speaker, but when you are using relatively little power and the sound quality changes, it is often excess treble reverb time.

One curious experiment which will make you a believer in reverb time is to treat bare wooden floors between or behind the speakers with pillows or blankets. Why does this help the mid/treble? Well, reverb time. :)

Perhaps now we can imagine why diffusion works. Instead of being pure absorbers, they scatter the sound. They help maintain the reverb time but prevent these coherent, regular reflections. So when we are looking at room treatment we are attempting a combination of many traits. Controlling early reflections, and maintaining a diffuse, rapidly decaying (but not too rapidly) sound field, in addition to managing room modes.

At the gross level, your room acoustics are tone controls. You are playing with the mid/treble balance, and at the finest levels they are helping to localize sounds and provide an enjoyable playing field for your music.

This should also help you understand somewhat why equalizer solutions, including Digital Signal Processing (DSP) based like automatic room correction or DIRAC, etc. can only work up to a point, and why having good room treatment widens the sweet spot, and makes these tools work over a broader physical area.
erik_squires
For most domestic situations RT60 just doesn't come into play.  The rooms are not large enough.
So when we are looking at room treatment we are attempting a combination of many traits. Controlling early reflections, and maintaining a diffuse, rapidly decaying (but not too rapidly) sound field, in addition to managing room modes.
Very interesting thread thanks....

It is my experience that reaching this equilibrium between, absortion, diffusion, reflection, is the key to passive materials treatment...

But there is also, active treatment i  have work with using interconnected Schumann Generators coupled with resonators of different size, Helmholtz one and others types......

The end results is there, with  no more urgent need to upgrade my Speakers at all....

One clue about a fact not so well known :

Waves sound hate the 4 ceilings corner of the room; i had 5 corners in my irregular room ; remembering the great architect Rudolf Steiner, who replaced regular corners by flowing polihedral surfaces, i just did so to 4 of my 5 corners with great success for peanuts: better imaging and refinement of the high frequencies even a better instrumental timbre ...


The instrumental timbre rendition is for me the key and the basic stone of acoustic perception testing....


My room is a like an adjunct brain connected to my soul and the sound waves are our dual thinking process ...
This was " my imagination" main tool all along my acoustical embeddings explorations....



Merry Christmas....


P.S. my room also is relatively small and dedicated to music only, then no need of electronic correction modes with all my other devices solutions....

@mahgister,

”My room is a like an adjunct brain connected to my soul and the sound waves are our dual thinking process ...
This was " my imagination" main tool all along my acoustical embeddings explorations....” 

This is how I feel. It’s a zen moment when all is right with the room and the music just flows taking you away to your destination and dreams. 
It makes me wonder about Human Room Interaction (HRI), I think I just made that up, but it is a spin-off from Human Computer Interaction (HCI), where a human interacts with the computer. 
@mahgistar I have enjoyed studying the pictures of your 'embeddings' and understand the merit of the techniques you employ. I believe much of it serves it's purpose and does exactly as you say in room treatments. Perhaps if I lived alone or had enough money to build a dedicated listening room I might use some of them myself. Alas, I am married and if I had a gas can sitting behind my listening position and dazzling stones hanging from my ceiling I think soon I would be alone! I respect the quest. I must, however treat my room with more conventional means. Hopefully soon. One guy offered to sell me 12 acoustic panels costing $800 a piece and weighing in at 200 pounds each. That certainly isn't practical either and would cost more than my system!
The end results is there, with no more urgent need to upgrade my Speakers at all....

I mean this sincerely, I often wonder how many audiophiles are on a gear exchange merry-go-round until they get good room acoustics? It is as if the need to spend money, experiment with cables, etc. just stops.