As mentioned, this has had a lot of coverage here. Assuming you are talking about a line stage and not a preamp with phono, then there are several functions.
- source switching
- volume control
- voltage gain
- impedance control
- interconnect control
Assuming your source has sufficient voltage, then passive units, or DACs with onboard volume control, can get the first three done. Impedances can be mostly matched through your source/drive unit and amplifier selections, and short connecting cables can help with the interconnect control issue. However, even with short cables and more than sufficient voltage, many here find that an active or at least buffered stage improves body, tone, and drive so, at least in some systems, sufficient voltage alone is not cutting it. I have tried multiple passive units, and even a DAC with onboard VC and a 4V output, but always come back to a buffered unit sounding clearly better to me. Borrow a passive unit and make your own decision about what sounds best to you, in your system.