There are a number of ways.
#1Built into the receiver or preamp is one (more of a home theater feature sadly)
#2 built into the subs (rare)
#3 external analogue (my choice, JL audio CR-1, wilson sub controller, Bryston makes one or at least did).
3a, digital crossover, mini dsp etc (cheap but complicated)
#4 adding the right resister to your wire like a crossover before the speaker