I cannot argue with the use of a proper mono cartridge, but that is not what the OP was asking about.
And if the avoidance of surface noise is the prime consideration, then proper record cleaning is the sine qua non.
As for satisfying MC sound with a $600 price limit, I doubt if there is a good answer. Any MC at that price is probably (here goes!) inferior to an MM/MI of the same price. I admit I have not dabbled in cheap MC cartridges, but I have gone up into the realms of 3-4k MC cartridges to find competition for good MI cartridges, and 5k before I was convinced I had found something superior.