Here's something new:

Any instruments new or old, and there is an "uncountable "numbers of them , often not well known define music perception, because each one had his own "timbre"...

And the last discovery in acoustics demonstrated that this is  fundamental because "timbre" of instruments define  the way we will hear and understand music.

https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2308859121

https://phys.org/news/2024-02-pythagoras-wrong-universal-musical-harmonies.html

Now this very interesting documentary will illustrate what i want to say better than i could :

Çifteli: This microtonal instrument changed the way I think about music

To answer the OP questions there exist an incredible number of musical instruments all along mankind history...

This does not end....

"timbre" and "rythm" had no date no age and no programmed lifespan, they are meanings...

This Sumerian instrument sound anything save primitive...

Here two instruments separated by millenia played together :