Directional wires/cables


Is there any reason to support the idea that cables, interconnects or any other kind of wiring can be considered directional? It seems that the theory is that carrying current will alter the molecular structure of the wire. I can't find anything that supports this other than in the case of extreme temperature variation. Cryo seems to be a common treatment for wire nowadays. Extreme heat would do something as well, just nothing favorable. No idea if cryo treatment works but who knows. Back to the question, can using the wires in one direction or another actually affect it's performance? Thanks for any thoughts. I do abide by the arrows when I have them. I "mostly" follow directions but I have pondered over this one every time I hook up  a pair.

billpete

Stereo equipment is DC, which is a directional current

Of all the stuff written here, this I follow the least, but there are plenty of other contenders!

DC refers to Direct Current, that is to say it only flows in one direction.  Sure, our equipment runs internally on rectified and smoothed DC derived from external AC, but our equipment is fed and delivers AC signals.

AC or Alternating Current flows for a short period in one direction, then reverses direction repeatedly. Analog audio signals are AC, and current flows as a result, in speaker and interconnect cables alike.  Current is the net movement of electrons in a direction.

In a metal conductor, a cloud of free electrons exists, with each electron randomly whizzing about.  When we measure a current, it is because there is slightly more movement of electrons in the other direction - and it is called electron drift and is very slow.  Often you could run faster.

That does not mean the signal is slow!  Newton's balls illustrate this, because a ball impacting on end of a line of balls causes the ball on the far end to fly off, even though the net movement (flow) of the row of balls in the middle is almost imperceptible.

Solid metals form crystal lattices, where all the atoms line up in rows.  The atoms vibrate with thermal energy.  Sometimes an atom is missing (called a vacancy) and sometimes a part row is missing, forming a slip line.  Big bits of metal are formed from many crystals, known as grains, and where these grains join, there is a disorganised mess.  Impurities tend to migrate to these grain boundaries.  Current flow is impeded by such messes.

When a metal is plastically deformed (permanent shape change) bigger crystals break up into smaller ones.  This happens when a wire is drawn, a sheet is rolled, or a shape is forged.  The grains tend to become orientated. The grain structure along a wire will show elongated crystals, compared with the structure across the wire.  It will have lower resistance along the wire than across it.

If the metal is heated sufficiently, grains tend to coalesce again to form bigger structures in a process known as annealing but this rarely happens at normal temperatures (lead does creep very, very slowly because its vacancies can move at room temperature).

Given that speaker and interconnect wires generally carry currents that alternate in direction, I would expect any effect along the length of the wire in one direction to be exactly the same in the other direction along the wire.  The only directional effect is from shielding.

AC or Alternating Current flows for a short period in one direction, then reverses direction repeatedly. Analog audio signals are AC,

ELECTRICITY MISCONCEPTIONS:

.

@jea48 -

                                       Save your keystrokes!

                                            Happy listening!

         

@richardbrand +1 

to add: DC is connected btw source and load with two wires, one is for forward the other one for return current, in opposite to forward direction. This makes all cable directionality proposals DOA. 

@herman

The AC signal that is transferring energy from the source to the load (amp to speaker for example) is NOT doing so by moving electrons from the source to the load. Electrons are NOT flowing down the wire like water through a hose.

Think about it..The energy will flow through a capacitor which has an insulator in the middle of it. How do the electrons flow through an insulator? 

The energy can travel through a vacuum where there are no electrons, think radio waves.

High frequency AC  waves are commonly sent down tubes called waveguides which are hollow = no conductor = no electrons. 

The amplifier transferring energy to the speaker does it by moving electrons backwards and forwards through the connecting wires.  If the energy was flowing in space, you would not need fat wires and the wire resistance would not matter. Some energy does leak out as electromagnetic radiation but this energy is wasted!  QED.

A capacitor acts as a storage unit for electrons.  Pump some in on one plate, and electrons will depart from the opposite plate.  Then the current will stop unless you pump the other way (that is, reverse the applied voltage). Lo and behold, current flows the other way.  Keep alternating the voltage, and alternating current appears to flow through the capacitor, even though the plates are completely insulated from each other. The higher the frequency, the less impedance the capacitor presents to the flow of AC alternating current although the capacitor completely blocks DC (direct current).  QED

Energy can flow through a vacuum as electromagnetic radiation (light, X-rays, infra-red heat, radio waves, microwaves, etc) which vary from each other only in frequency.  Energy can also flow in a vacuum as electron streams (think the old cathode ray TV sets, vacuum tubes, electron microscopes).  So what?  QED

At very high frequencies, most of the current flows at the surface of a conductor because of the skin effect.  The effect becomes important at radio frequencies: at mains frequencies in copper the skin is about 10-mm thick!  Consequently for high frequency transmission, there is little reason to fill the centre of a conductor with expensive metal.  Instead the energy is carried by electrons flowing at the surface of the hollow tube.  However, there is a conductor and there are electrons flowing.  QED