A receiver with a turntable built into it was known as a "compact system." Audio legend Henry Kloss's second company, KLH, pretty much came up with the concept and some of them were pretty good. The two best were a Marantz with a Dual turntable and the Altec-Lansing 911A, featuring a Garrard SL95B, which was their top of the line consumer TT at the time it was released. That was my first stereo. The SL95B had a full 12" platter and a single gimbal tonearm with a teak wood inlay for damping. Unlike most changers it didn't have an arm that rested on the top record of the stack, but rather a little strut at the side that held up the edge of the stack. Fancying myself an audiophile, I only used it in single play mode with the short spindle, and replaced the included cartridge with a Shure M91ED as soon as I could afford it.
The receiver was based on Altec's $400 44 wpc receiver, except that the power supply was smaller, making it less powerful in the bass. Still, the phono preamp was pretty good and the tuner was excellent.
I've seen/heard compacts from Harman-Kardon and KLH from that era and they were pretty good. Most compacts, however, were more entry-level. They were a step up from console stereos. They offered the same all-in-one control convenience plus the ability to position the speakers.