Power cord 15amp and 20amp


Can somebody explain the differences between the two. Can you use either one--are they interchangable? I have 15 amp cords now, why would I need or want 20amp. Thanks in advance for your help in this matter.

Bill
itsalldark
In most household circuits, 15A is the maximum current usually available in the circuit. Your audio equipment won't draw that much current, so there won't be a difference between a 15A cord and a 20A cord as far as audio equipment goes.

An example of where a 20A circuit/cord would be necessary are some of the cheaper Arc Welders, which use 115V, but 20Amps due to the fact that they are very high current devices.

The only Possible difference for stereo equipment is the fact that 20A cords are thicker than 15A Cords, and therefore MIGHT sound better. But I doubt you will hear a difference.

A better choice would be to replace (if interested) your stock power cords with, say, some of the power cords sold here on Audiogon that while still 15A rated, are made of better materials than the cheap cords that come with the equipment. This may or may not make a sonic difference. YMMV.
The 15 amp cord will have a NEMA 5-15P plug on one end and a IEC 15 amp receptacle on the other end.
The nema 5-15P plug will plug into a 15 or 20 receptacle. The 15 amp IEC receptacle will only plug into a 15 amp IEC plug on a piece of equipment. The wire in the cord usually is 14 awg.

The 20 amp cord will have a NEMA 5-20P plug on one end and a 20 amp IEC receptacle on the other end. The awg wire size will be #12.
The NEMA 5-20P plug will only plug into a 20 amp receptacle (5-20R).
(The Neutral blade is at a right angle to the Hot blade of the plug)
The IEC connector on the other end will be a 20 amp receptacle and will only plug into a 20 amp IEC plug on the equipment.

Below is a link for picture purposes only. Check out picture numbers 4, 5, and 6
http://www.jenatek.com/pages/powercords.html
Everything said so far is correct, but just so you won't be confused/misled when reading certain power cord descriptions, please note the following:

Quite often, cords are described as "20 amp" cords even though they have 15 amp hardware (plugs). This is because the wire conductors themselves are 20 amp capacity. The only reason I can think that cords are sometimes described this way is to indicate that they are capable of powering high loads (like big amplifiers.)

Most audio gear (except for a handful of "big mutha" amps) have 15A IEC receptacles. And most wall outlets are the standard 15A.

The use of 20A wall receptacles would probably provide you better contact area and a floating ground option (which I don't think you can get with 15A outlets). It would also allow a bigger wire size for the house wiring. All these things can (possibly) improve performance. "Possibly" meaning, for instance, if you were over 25 feet from your main panel, you'd want to use maybe 8 AWG wiring in the wall to avoid voltage drops, and then you'd need to use 20A outlets to connect 8AWG wire.)

As Jea48 mentioned, 15A cord can be (as small as) 14AWG per conductor. And most code minimums for house wiring itself specify either 14 or 12 for 15A circuits and 12 or 10 for 20A circuits (usually the smaller of the two in each case.)

So, you may ask, why use cords with conductors that are bigger than what's in the wall? The answer is "Energy Transfer" And the more power a component consumes (amps) -- AND/OR -- a component's frequent need for "nano-bursts" of power (DACs are in this category) the more a bigger conductor size will contribute to improved sonics. OK, you say, but if my wall wiring is 12 AWG, what's the point of using a 10 AWG power cord?

Once again the answer is Energy Transfer. Let me state some obvious facts, and then try and provide an analogy: Alternating current is stored (in your wall) as a potential -- it doesn't do anything until you connect a load of some sort. BUT, that potential changes direction (polarity) 60 times a second. And the potential itself varies 60 times a second (from 0 volts to 120 volts) In other words, it's not really a "consumable" like natural gas, that gets burned up when it comes out the other end of the pipe (that would be more like direct current, where the battery eventually runs down ;~) No, AC just "sits there" and changes back and forth 60 times a second.

OK, so here's my lame analogy: let's say the house circuit is a reservoir (imagine the ocean) of energy that's constantly changing in pressure (potential) and direction (polarity) -- imagine the waves at the shore. When you plug your PC into the wall, it's like sticking a pipe into the ocean at the shoreline. The bigger that pipe is, the more accurately the potential and pressure at the other end (the component) will reflect what's going on in the ocean itself. OK, imagine the pipe gets smaller. The pressure at the other end is still the same, but if you use some of it to do some work, it'll take a second for the pressure to build back up (poor energh transfer). AND, if you add to that, the fact that the direction of the "pressure" (pushing in and pulling out) is supposed to change 60 times a second, then the smaller pipe is going to create a lag in polarity changing. That doesn't mean you're going to see 50Hz AC instead of 60Hz, it means that spots of frequency cancellation are created in the "pipe" which further keep the available potential (pressure) from being realized at the other end.

Moral of the story: Especially with 15A wall circuits (as opposed to 20A) and except for low power stuff (like TTs, phono preamps, tuners, cassette decks, CDTs, not DACS) use the biggest sized conductor power cords you can, even sacrificing fancy shielding and insulation for conductor size if you have to.

"It's all about energy transfer." -- Jim Aud, Purist Audio Design

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Jim, thanks so much for the great discription, and for taking the time out of your busy day. It is very clear to me now how it works.

Bill