Mahgister, To answer a question with an insult to the intelligence of the person who asked the question is not helpful or informative.
You are right and i apologize another time for being impatient or rude to you...
But in this thread i have been mocked often then....my neuron short circuited...
I deeply regret my tone with you.... Your question was genuine...
In a word, because it is a complex question....
For Penrose itself it is the totality of the cosmos quantum stuff that work his way in the microtubules... i will not repeat with my bad english what you can read in this short introductory article:
This is the introduction:
« The ‘Orch OR’ theory (Hameroff & Penrose, 1996a, 2014) attributes consciousness to quantum computations in microtubules inside brain neurons. Quantum computers process ‘superpositions’ of possibilities (quantum bits or ‘qubits’) which unify by entanglement, evolve and compute, until reduction, or ‘collapse’ to definite output states. Nobel laureate Sir Roger Penrose (1989) proposed that reduction occurred spontaneously due to an objective threshold in the fine-scale structure of the universe (‘objective reduction’, ‘OR’) at time t = ħ/EG, where ħ is the PlanckDirac constant, and EG the gravitational self-energy of the superposition. At each such OR moment, Penrose further proposed, random (proto-) conscious moments of experience occur, composed of basic ‘qualia,’ the most specific scientific proposal for phenomenal experience (the ‘hard problem’) yet put forth (Hameroff & Penrose, 1996b). Were there ‘orchestrated’ quantum computers and qubits in the brain which could reduce by OR to produce full, rich conscious moments?»
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17588928.2020.1839037?needAccess=true& Penrose could be wrong for sure it is only daily science...
But anyway the paradigm of the " brain produce consciousness" is dead.... By all account of changing waves of information coming from many fields....
That is my point...
My best to you from my heart....