The major argument against mounting the tonearm on an outboard pod is not the fact that pivot to spindle distance is subject to variation, if the pod is inadvertently moved in relation to the spindle, although that certainly is a major secondary consideration. The major argument against is that the separated pod will likely exhibit differences in resonance properties in relation to the spindle and bearing; this will cause minute relative movements of one vs the other. You don't want that. You want the tonearm pivot, spindle, and bearing to be together in a closed system. That said, there are a few outboard pods with sufficient inherent mass that they work OK, if also in contact with a subchassis that is shared with the TT chassis. There was a ridiculously lengthy thread on this topic, started by Halcro. Search on the keyword "Copernicus", if you want to revisit it.
Can someone show me the math or physics that says the tonearm pivot must be in the plane of the LP surface? The idea sounds "right", but I am trying to visualize why. I start with the principle that certainly the center of mass of the counter-weight should be in the plane of the LP surface, but I'm not sure how we get to the pivot. There are oodles, probably a vast majority, of tonearms where the pivot is not in the plane of the LP surface. Many of them are terrific tonearms.