analog newbie questions...

You need three functions besides speakers and TT.

1. Phono stage to boost v. low voltage signal from cartridge and apply "RIAAA equalization" to compensate for frquency response anomalies in recording process.
2. Line stage/input switching to select the proper source boost it to "line level", and control volume.
3. Amplifier to boost line level signal to speaker level.

You will need a box or boxes with functions 1, 2, and 3.

Pre-amplifiers provide at least #2, some also have the phono stage. They require a separate amplifier, #3.

Integrated amps have at least 2 and 3, but some also have #1, the phono stage. They will not require an outboard amp.

Receivers are basically an integrated amp plus an AM/FM tuner. They also may or may not have a phono stage. They will not require an outboard amp. Most modern receivers also have digital signal and surround sound processing and video switching that are not necessary for an analog stereo (2 channel) set up.

What system components do you have now?

Building on Swampwalker's comments, most people today say "line stage" & "preamp" interchangably, but not some preamps also have the phono stage built in.

Also, you need to consider 2 types of cartridge, MM moving magnet, vs. MC moving coil. MM put out much larger signal than MC, and you need to make sure you get a cartridge that suits both the tonearm of the table and the phono stage.

If you consider vintage gear, any receiver or preamp from the 60s or 70s will have a phono stage built-in, most likely MM type. That will be cheapest way to dip your toe in the water.

A complete tangent, but PLEASE clean your LPs, or you won't get anywhere near the sound that LPs are capable of. Cheers,
Spencer

Okay, to clear things up, I plan on getting a Cambridge Audio 540p pre-amp, amd I looked it up and it DOES have a phono stage. So with that out of the way, I would want to get a an integrated amp (any suggestions???). Oh, and the Rega P1 already comes with the Ortofon OM5e MM cartridge. Would the pre I'm planning on getting be suitable for that cart?

Please provide your price range for both speakers and amp if you would like more specific help.

Generally speaking, the NAD amp/PSB speaker combo represents a good package from a value standpoint. I'd suggest looking for a used NAD C352 and PSB T45s.