Phono Stage for passive preamp control

Yes, probably you are restricted to SS if you want that much gain, without spending a ton of money. If you get a step up transformer, you could do it with a tube unit. Bent Audio makes a set of step up transformers that are high quality, and allow you to make your own high-quality step up for about $400. Pretty easy if you can solder. Or you could get a pair of Jensen transformers for even less, and do the same thing, but I think the Bent ones are better.

The gain issue is really important when using a passive preamp even with SS units. I would pick a unit that is adjustable in case you need to dial it in.

I have a Naim hicap/stageline that I love but really did not work well when I had my Rogue Tempest (great integrated but had passive line stage). Luckily Naim was able to adjust that gain slightly to make a big difference but I had to have them do it. Of course in this situation Naim presumed you are using an active line stage.

I use a Benz PP-1 and a Passive preamp with no problems, unless you want rock concert levels.

Might not the output impedance (generally high) of a tube phono preamp make trouble for a passive preamp? I know that Gordon Rankin of Wavelength strongly recommends an active preamp for use with his Tangent phono preamp, output impedance 1500 ohms. Caution on that score would be wise, I think. Anyway, others have given you a lot of good advice.