Honest question about cartridge vs. turntable performance.

Here is why it is a bad question to ask which is more important, turntable or cartridge. Think of a small jazz combo comprising 4 or 5 instruments and players. In such a group, the drum, bass, and/or piano can be thought of as the rhythm section. Most often, the rhythm is carried by the drummer or bassist. The turntable is analogous to a rhythm section. It alone determines the musical pace or tempo. The turntable's job first and foremost is to move the LP past the stylus at a constant speed regardless of forces that would tend to momentarily slow the platter. If the drummer is not keeping good time, the music will sound "off", too fast, too slow, dull, regardless of what the lead player in the group is doing. An experienced listener can hear it. Same goes for a turntable that is incapable of maintaining a constant speed. Think of that as time, t, on the X-axis. The linear progression of the music depends upon the turntable. The cartridge works in concert with the tonearm to pick up and accurately represent the signal encoded in the LP grooves. The work of the cartridge/tonearm is analogous to that of the soloist who heads up the jazz combo. His musicianship can be impeccable and original in content, but if the rhythm section is "off", you feel it. The cartridge/tonearm are responsible for amplitude, which is manifest as voltage at given frequencies, the y-axis. I’ve already mentioned that all my experience tells me the cartridge and tonearm should be thought of as a unit, a closed system. No matter how accurate the cartridge and tonearm are at translating changes in signal V, the music will not sound "right" to an experienced listener unless the turntable does its job of maintaining perfect timing, t, by driving the LP past the stylus tip at a constant speed. Yes, turntables sound different from one another, even two turntables that both keep good time will sound different. This is due to noise or the suppression of noise, either from the motor or the bearing or elements of the drive system, that separate one turntable from another, and to the turntable's capacity to control and dissipate various resonances. This is why I say that turntables do have a "character" that stays constant regardless of what tonearm and cartridge are mounted on it.  The cartridge and the tonearm are doing two entirely different things.

"if there is surface noise when playing back vinyl (even after thorough cleaning) isn’t upgrading the table a nearly useless endeavor beyond a certain point since the noise floor improvement from a better table will never be realized? Am I being accurate in my assessment?"

To the OP:

No, I do not think you're being accurate in your assessment. 

I've owned the same turntable for 35 years, a Michell Gyrodec. In recent years I've made non OEM changes to both the main bearing and the suspension which have resulted in fairly significant decreases in surface noise. 

Obviously, it's very difficult to quantify whether those reductions in noise were less or more than those achieved with changes to cartridge, phono preamp, optimizing cartridge/tonearm matching, optimizing the cartridge/phono preamp interface etc. all of which can result in fairly serious reductions in surface noise (along with clean records of course).

For what it's worth, the Ortofon 2M Black does seem to have a bit of a reputation for accentuating surface noise and also being demanding of setup. So setup alone may ameliorate some of your issues with noise.

That being said, the 2M Black does have a pretty good reputation. If it's in good condition it would be the last thing I would change. I think your funds would be best served improving the table (and arm with a view to optimizing with the 2M Black and possible future cartridges) and possibly your phono preamp, which I don't recall being mentioned in this thread-perhaps I've missed it. 

You should reap significant improvements/gains with a table/arm upgrade and not just in the surface noise department. The phono stage may need attention too. Unfortunately, analog is the sum of its parts-all of them are important. 

I took the air out of my own analogy.  The last sentence: "The cartridge and the tonearm are doing two entirely different things" should have read, "The cartridge and the TURNTABLE are doing two entirely different things", one in the signal voltage domain and the other in the time domain.

Atma-Sphere, I will never ride a bike with anything but Campy on it. That Jap stuff is cheap overweight crap. It only worked better if you did not know how to shift.
My current bike is a Specialized S works Diverge with Campy Super Record 12 speed EPS disc brake group. Fulcrum Carbon tubeless rims with Hutchinson Sector 32 tires. Perfect bike for an old fart with bad wrists:)

@mijostyn

Back in the 70s Campy was heavier, shifted slower and less precisely than the alloy SunTour stuff.

I got rid of derailleurs years ago- I have a custom Reynolds 953 and a Ti frame both equipped with Rohloff hubs. The Ti frame is a Jones and despite no suspension, is the most comfortable bike I've ridden.

You can always count on @millercarbon for a cryptic, meaningless statement with no real information.
Got to keep the post count up.