Yep, @erik_squires and there is a 2023 edition with further "clarification" on the subject but it depends, as you said, on the locality. This link purports to identify state by state adoption of the NEC and which version applies: https://www.mikeholt.com/necadoptionlist.php#:~:text=The%20NEC%20is%20adopted%20and%20enforced%20at%20the%20local%20level.
I don't know (this is where @Jea48 comes in) whether, if the state is stuck on an older version of the Code, a county or city within it can demand that the newer Code edition be enforced within its jurisdiction.