I have heard wide variations in ratios. I think it would not be unusual for a $2.5 K table to have a $1K cartridge… but a $2K cartridge would probably sound much better. So I would think 20% to 50% for modest turntables.
However, at some point you have a “audiophile grade” table, something of very high quality with all aspects of performance in the exceptional category… say greater than $7K or $8K? … I’m not sure exactly… but these should support much better cartridges… more than the value of the table. I know of a member running a $20K cartridge on an ~ $8K TT and it sounds simply spectacular. So, I think there is a lot more flexibility with high end tables.